The decision, set to take effect in the upcoming fall term, is a permanent continuation of the emergency mandates put in place to ensure that children were fed in spite of school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
California and Maine are the first states to adopt a universal free lunch program, which will level the playing field for students who do not receive daily meals or adequate nutrition at home and face undernourishment. Several U.S. cities like New York and Chicago currently have similar programs in place.
By extending these programs, the states have set a precedent for prioritizing childhood hunger and its effects on the development of school-aged kids. Ensuring that children are fed not only promotes their physical and psychological development but contributes to their success in the classroom as well.
“This is a huge support service to students, parents, and teachers after a really difficult year,” Venus Kalami, MNSP, RD, clinical dietitian for Stanford Children’s Health, tells Verywell. “California is a big state and this decision sets a precedent to hopefully inspire other states to do the same.”
Proper Nutrition Is Key
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent school closures brought the issue of food insecurity and hunger globally to the forefront. It’s also led the country to a crossroads on how to confront the issue.
Extensive research shows that academic success is linked to a child’s basic needs—including shelter, clothing, food, and a safe and loving environment—being met.
For over 13 million children, the basic need for sufficient nutrition is not being met. These students are left hungry and unable to focus not only on their schoolwork but on all areas of their learning and development.
Kalami highlights that national supplemental nutrition programs such as those for women, infants, and children (WIC), and the National School Lunch Program encompass the “whole village” approach to caring for our children. They also both, stimulate the economy and help reduce instances of chronic illness in our youth.
Lower academic achievementSocial and behavior issuesMood and mental health conditionsHarms in cognitive development and brain growthChronic stress caused by meal uncertaintyPhysical growth and development delaysLow self-esteem and confidencePoor body image
“Everyone gets something out of it," Kalami says. “These programs really pull their weight. The economy sees returns of three times what they put into it through the reduction in healthcare costs, and increased learning and school attendance.”
The Free Lunch Stigma
The National School Lunch Program uses federal and state funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to help public and nonprofit schools nationwide offer both free and low-cost meals to at-risk students who qualify based on income, homeless, migrant, runaway, or foster youth status.
To qualify for free meals, a family of four must make less than $34,000 a year and $48,000 to qualify for reduced-price meals.
While the program works to address the needs of vulnerable school-aged kids, stigma has also become attached to taking part in the program. Kids who get free or reduced lunch may face shame and isolation from peers, which may cause them to avoid the lunch line altogether.
The logistics of signing up for a free or reduced lunch program can also be challenging—especially if their parents or guardians do not speak English.
“There is definitely a stigma surrounding the free lunch program,” Kalami says. “For students and parents that use English as a second language, offering free lunch for all can help reduce the barriers to getting their child signed up.”
Other obstacles that can keep eligible students from receiving free or reduced school lunch include:
Lack of awareness that there is a free lunch programThe need for Internet access to sign upThe need for literacy to get information and sign upFor immigrant families, the fear of disclosing undocumented status
When free lunch is provided to all students, instead of just some, it removes barriers to access, stigma, and the fear of being teased or singled out.
How You Can Help
If you’re struggling with food insecurity, you can find a local food bank near you here. And if your state does not yet have free school lunch programs for all students, there are still ways that you can help make sure that kids in your community are fed.
Non-profit organization Feeding America, suggests helping by:
Volunteering your time and talents to a local food pantry or food bankMaking donations and fundraisingJoining the conversation (in-person and online)Setting up food drives in your community
